Closure — what this field has actually done

The map

Every paper we found, by method and by what it contributes.

Each row is one way of estimating how many animals live somewhere. Each column is what a paper does with that method — builds it, tests it, uses it, or reviews it. Click any row to see the papers themselves.

Method	builds it	tests it	uses it	reviews it	papers	automated	labelled right
▸ SCR	66	28	59	6	160	0	77%
2026 builds it Optimizing camera‐trap survey designs for multi‐species density estimation using spatial capture–recapture models 2025 builds it Estimating feral cat (Felis catus) population density in eastern Australia’s subtropical rainforest using spatial capture-recapture incorporating unidentified individuals 2025 uses it Spatial capture‐recapture can improve environmental impact assessments for large carnivores 2024 builds it Mustelid mugshots: photographing facial masks of European polecats (Mustela putorius) for individual recognition and density estimation using camera traps 2024 builds it Mt or not Mt: Temporal variation in detection probability in spatial capture-recapture and occupancy models 2024 builds it Ghostbusting—Reducing bias due to identification errors in spatial capture‐recapture histories 2024 uses it Estimating distribution and abundance of wide‐ranging species with integrated spatial models: Opportunities revealed by the first wolf assessment in south‐central Italy 2023 builds it Sampling variables and their thresholds for the precise estimation of wild felid population density with camera traps and spatial capture–recapture methods 2023 uses it Mark-recapture estimates of seasonal abundance and survivorship for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) near Charleston, South Carolina, USA 2023 uses it Using heterogeneous camera-trapping sites to obtain the first density estimates for the transboundary Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) population in the Dinaric Mountains 2023 uses it Tiger abundance and ecology in Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan 2022 builds it Occupancy data improves parameter precision in spatial capture–recapture models 2022 builds it A vector of point processes for modeling interactions between and within species using capture‐recapture data 2022 tests it A comparison of density estimation methods for monitoring marked and unmarked animal populations 2022 tests it Camera trapping as a method for estimating abundance of Mexican wolves 2022 uses it Protection status, human disturbance, snow cover and trapping drive density of a declining wolverine population in the Canadian Rocky Mountains 2022 uses it Camera trapping and spatially explicit capture–recapture for the monitoring and conservation management of lions: Insights from a globally important population in Tanzania 2022 uses it Remote sensor camera traps provide the first density estimate for the largest natural population of the numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus) 2022 reviews it Comparison of methods for estimating density and population trends for low-density Asian bears 2021 builds it An integrated path for spatial capture–recapture and animal movement modeling 2021 builds it An empirical demonstration of the effect of study design on density estimations 2021 builds it Modeling abundance, distribution, movement and space use with camera and telemetry data 2021 builds it Integrating multiple datasets into spatially-explicit capture-recapture models to estimate the abundance of a locally scarce felid 2021 tests it Density estimates for Canada lynx vary among estimation methods 2021 tests it Abundance estimation for line transect sampling: A comparison of distance sampling and spatial capture-recapture models 2021 tests it Assessing the feasibility of density estimation methodologies for African forest elephant at large spatial scales 2021 tests it Tapirs in trouble: estimating Baird's tapir densities in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico 2021 uses it Co‐occurrence of high densities of brown hyena and spotted hyena in central Tuli, Botswana 2021 uses it First spatially-explicit density estimate for a snow leopard population in the Altai Mountains 2020 builds it Multiple observation processes in spatial capture–recapture models: How much do we gain? 2020 builds it Spatial capture–recapture with random thinning for unidentified encounters 2020 builds it Estimating abundance with interruptions in data collection using open population spatial capture–recapture models 2020 tests it Identification errors in camera-trap studies result in systematic population overestimation 2020 tests it Spatially explicit capture recapture density estimates: Robustness, accuracy and precision in a long-term study of jaguars (Panthera onca) 2020 tests it Population density of sitatunga in riverine wetland habitats 2020 tests it A comparison of cost and quality of three methods for estimating density for wild pig (Sus scrofa) 2020 reviews it Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture Through Camera Trapping: A Review of Benchmark Analyses for Wildlife Density Estimation 2019 builds it Comparing clustered sampling designs for spatially explicit estimation of population density 2019 builds it Spatial capture–recapture for categorically marked populations with an application to genetic capture–recapture 2019 builds it Open Population Maximum Likelihood Spatial Capture-Recapture 2019 builds it Improving estimation of puma (Puma concolor) population density: clustered camera-trapping, telemetry data, and generalized spatial mark-resight models 2019 tests it A Comparison of Systematic Quadrat and Capture-Mark-Recapture Sampling Designs for Assessing Freshwater Mussel Populations 2019 uses it Estimating abundance of a cryptic social carnivore using spatially explicit capture–recapture 2019 uses it Generalized spatial mark–resight models with incomplete identification: An application to red fox density estimates 2019 uses it Estimating leopard density across the highly modified human-dominated landscape of the Western Cape, South Africa 2019 uses it Spatial density estimates of Eurasian lynx ( <i>Lynx lynx</i> ) in the French Jura and Vosges Mountains 2019 uses it Estimating abundances, densities, and interspecific associations in a carnivore community 2019 uses it Estimating Deer Populations Using Camera Traps and Natural Marks 2019 uses it Density and activity patterns of Andean cat and pampas cat (Leopardus jacobita and L. colocolo) in the Bolivian Altiplano 2018 builds it Toward reliable population estimates of wolves by combining spatial capture-recapture models and non-invasive DNA monitoring 2018 builds it Spatial capture–recapture with partial identity: An application to camera traps 2018 builds it Spatial capture-recapture design and modelling for the study of small mammals 2018 uses it Estimation of pack density in grey wolf (Canis lupus) by applying spatially explicit capture-recapture models to camera trap data supported by genetic monitoring 2018 uses it Assessing population size and structure for Andean Condor <i>Vultur gryphus</i> in Bolivia using a photographic ‘capture‐recapture’ method 2018 uses it Investigation of fallow deer (Cervus dama L.) population densities by camera trap method in Antalya Düzlerçamı Eşenadası Breeding Station 2017 builds it Generalized spatial mark–resight models with an application to grizzly bears 2017 builds it Model‐based estimators of density and connectivity to inform conservation of spatially structured populations 2017 builds it Spatial Capture–Mark–Resight Estimation of Animal Population Density 2017 builds it Population abundance estimation with heterogeneous encounter probabilities using numerical integration 2017 tests it An empirical evaluation of camera trapping and spatially explicit capture‐recapture models for estimating chimpanzee density 2017 uses it Examining the occupancy–density relationship for a low‐density carnivore 2017 uses it Consequences of severe habitat fragmentation on density, genetics, and spatial capture-recapture analysis of a small bear population 2017 reviews it From distance sampling to spatial capture–recapture 2016 builds it An Efficient Acoustic Density Estimation Method with Human Detectors Applied to Gibbons in Cambodia 2016 builds it Identification and Density Estimation of American Martens (Martes americana) Using a Novel Camera-Trap Method 2016 builds it Spatial mark-resight models to estimate feral pig population density 2016 tests it Scent Lure Effect on Camera-Trap Based Leopard Density Estimates 2016 uses it Density and population structure of the jaguar (Panthera onca) in a protected area of Los Llanos, Venezuela, from 1 year of camera trap monitoring 2016 uses it A Robust Design Capture-Recapture Analysis of Abundance, Survival and Temporary Emigration of Three Odontocete Species in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece 2016 uses it Density and activity patterns of pumas in hunted and non-hunted areas in central Argentina 2016 uses it Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) Density in Central Amazonia 2015 builds it Spatial capture–recapture models allowing Markovian transience or dispersal 2015 builds it Face Value: Towards Robust Estimates of Snow Leopard Densities 2015 tests it A Comparison of Grizzly Bear Demographic Parameters Estimated from Non-Spatial and Spatial Open Population Capture-Recapture Models 2015 tests it Application of Spatial and Closed Capture-Recapture Models on Known Population of the Western Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus) in Senegal 2015 tests it Camera traps and mark‐resight models: The value of ancillary data for evaluating assumptions 2015 uses it Trapping Elusive Cats: Using Intensive Camera Trapping to Estimate the Density of a Rare African Felid 2015 uses it Mark-Recapture and Mark-Resight Methods for Estimating Abundance with Remote Cameras: A Carnivore Case Study 2015 uses it Spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis of bobcat (Lynx rufus) density: implications for mesocarnivore monitoring 2014 builds it Spatial Capture-recapture 2014 builds it Trap Configuration and Spacing Influences Parameter Estimates in Spatial Capture-Recapture Models 2014 builds it Comparing capture-recapture, mark-resight, and spatial mark-resight models for estimating puma densities via camera traps 2014 builds it Trap Array Configuration Influences Estimates and Precision of Black Bear Density and Abundance 2014 builds it Continuous‐time spatially explicit capture–recapture models, with an application to a jaguar camera‐trap survey 2014 tests it Wildcat population density on the<scp>E</scp>tna volcano,<scp>I</scp>taly: a comparison of density estimation methods 2014 tests it Estima de la población de nutria en las Tablas de Daimiel mediante captura-recaptura espacial y muestreo de distancias 2014 uses it Vigorous Dynamics Underlie a Stable Population of the Endangered Snow Leopard Panthera uncia in Tost Mountains, South Gobi, Mongolia 2014 uses it Leopard<i>Panthera pardus fusca</i>Density in the Seasonally Dry, Subtropical Forest in the Bhabhar of Terai Arc, Nepal 2014 reviews it Spatial Capture-Recapture 2013 builds it Fully Spatial Capture-Recapture Models 2013 builds it Integrating resource selection information with spatial capture–recapture 2013 builds it Effective sociodemographic population assessment of elusive species in ecology and conservation management 2013 builds it Using multiple data sources provides density estimates for endangered Florida panther 2013 builds it Density estimations of the Eurasian lynx (<i>Lynx lynx</i>) in the Swiss Alps 2013 builds it Bayes and Empirical Bayes Estimators of Abundance and Density from Spatial Capture-Recapture Data 2013 uses it Abundance and density estimates for common leopard <i>Panthera pardus</i> and clouded leopard <i>Neofelis nebulosa</i> in Manas National Park, Assam, India 2013 uses it Estimating the abundance of Nepal's largest population of tigers <i>Panthera tigris</i> 2013 reviews it Spatial Capture-Recapture 2012 builds it Estimating population size by spatially explicit capture–recapture 2012 builds it How Does Spatial Study Design Influence Density Estimates from Spatial Capture-Recapture Models? 2012 builds it A spatial mark–resight model augmented with telemetry data 2012 builds it Program<scp>SPACECAP</scp>: software for estimating animal density using spatially explicit capture–recapture models 2012 builds it Using auxiliary telemetry information to estimate animal density from capture–recapture data 2012 tests it Comparison of density estimation methods for mammal populations with camera traps in the <scp>K</scp>aa‐<scp>I</scp>ya del <scp>G</scp>ran <scp>C</scp>haco landscape 2012 uses it Density estimation of Asian bears using photographic capture–recapture sampling based on chest marks 2012 uses it First estimation of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) abundance and density using digital cameras and capture–recapture techniques in a German national park 2012 uses it Estimation of the density of the Near Threatened jaguar<i>Panthera onca</i>in Sonora, Mexico, using camera trapping and an open population model 2012 uses it Estimating the population density of the Asian tapir (<i>Tapirus indicus</i>) in a selectively logged forest in Peninsular Malaysia 2011 builds it Estimation of population density by spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis of data from area searches 2011 builds it A framework for inference about carnivore density from unstructured spatial sampling of scat using detector dogs 2011 builds it Camera trapping estimates of density and survival of fishers Martes pennanti 2011 tests it Evaluating the potential biases in carnivore capture–recapture studies associated with the use of lure and varying density estimation techniques using photographic‐sampling data of the Malagasy civet 2011 tests it Estimating jaguar population density using camera‐traps: a comparison with radio‐telemetry estimates 2011 uses it Improving density estimates for elusive carnivores: Accounting for sex-specific detection and movements using spatial capture–recapture models for jaguars in central Brazil 2011 uses it Density estimation in a wolverine population using spatial capture–recapture models 2011 uses it Density of tiger and leopard in a tropical deciduous forest of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India, as estimated using photographic capture–recapture sampling 2011 uses it Density estimation of sympatric carnivores using spatially explicit capture–recapture methods and standard trapping grid 2011 reviews it A critique of density estimation from camera‐trap data 2010 builds it Spatially explicit inference for open populations: estimating demographic parameters from camera‐trap studies 2010 builds it Estimating Black Bear Density Using DNA Data From Hair Snares 2010 builds it Heterogeneous capture rates in low density populations and consequences for capture‐recapture analysis of camera‐trap data 2010 uses it An assessment of carnivore relative abundance and density in the eastern rainforests of Madagascar using remotely-triggered camera traps 2010 uses it Estimation of European wildcat population size in Sicily (Italy) using camera trapping and capture–recapture analyses 2009 builds it Bayesian inference in camera trapping studies for a class of spatial capture–recapture models 2009 builds it Population density estimated from locations of individuals on a passive detector array 2009 builds it Hierarchical models for estimating density from DNA mark–recapture studies 2009 tests it Evaluating Methods for Counting Cryptic Carnivores 2009 tests it Empirical comparison of density estimators for large carnivores 2009 tests it Evaluating capture–recapture population and density estimation of tigers in a population with known parameters 2009 tests it Estimating Deer Abundance in Suburban Areas with Infrared-Triggered Cameras 2009 uses it The importance of selectively logged forests for tiger <i>Panthera tigris</i> conservation: a population density estimate in Peninsular Malaysia 2009 uses it Density of the Near Threatened jaguar <i>Panthera onca</i> in the caatinga of north-eastern Brazil 2008 builds it A HIERARCHICAL MODEL FOR SPATIAL CAPTURE–RECAPTURE DATA 2008 builds it Density Estimation by Spatially Explicit Capture–Recapture: Likelihood-Based Methods 2008 builds it A hierarchical model for estimating density in camera‐trap studies 2008 tests it Ocelot home range, overlap and density: comparing radio telemetry with camera trapping 2008 uses it Estimating Puma Densities from Camera Trapping across Three Study Sites: Bolivia, Argentina, and Belize 2007 builds it Spatially Explicit Maximum Likelihood Methods for Capture–Recapture Studies 2007 tests it How Small is too Small? Camera Trap Survey Areas and Density Estimates for Ocelots in the Bolivian Chaco 2007 uses it Ocelot<i>Leopardus pardalis</i>in Belize: the impact of trap spacing and distance moved on density estimates 2007 uses it A preliminary density estimate for Andean bear using camera-trapping methods 2007 uses it Estimating wild boar (Sus scrofa) abundance and density using capture–resights in Canton of Geneva, Switzerland 2006 uses it ASSESSING TIGER POPULATION DYNAMICS USING PHOTOGRAPHIC CAPTURE–RECAPTURE SAMPLING 2006 uses it Estimating the density of a jaguar population in the Brazilian Pantanal using camera-traps and capture–recapture sampling in combination with GPS radio-telemetry 2006 uses it Density, habitat use and activity patterns of ocelots (<i>Leopardus pardalis</i>) in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina 2006 uses it Estimating Snow Leopard Population Abundance Using Photography and Capture–Recapture Techniques 2004 builds it Density estimation in live‐trapping studies 2004 builds it DENSITY: software for analysing capture-recapture data from passive detector arrays 2004 uses it The use of camera traps for estimating jaguar <i>Panthera onca</i> abundance and density using capture/recapture analysis 2004 uses it Effects of trapping effort and trap shyness on estimates of tiger abundance from camera trap studies 2004 uses it Estimation of tiger densities in the tropical dry forests of Panna, Central India, using photographic capture–recapture sampling 2004 uses it One thousand jaguars (<i>Panthera onca</i>) in Bolivia's Chaco? Camera trapping in the Kaa‐Iya National Park 2003 uses it ESTIMATION OF OCELOT DENSITY IN THE PANTANAL USING CAPTURE–RECAPTURE ANALYSIS OF CAMERA-TRAPPING DATA 2000 builds it Unified Maximum Likelihood Estimates for Closed Capture–Recapture Models Using Mixtures 1998 builds it Estimation of Tiger Densities in India Using Photographic Captures and Recaptures 1998 uses it ESTIMATION OF TIGER DENSITIES IN INDIA USING PHOTOGRAPHIC CAPTURES AND RECAPTURES 1995 builds it Estimating tiger Panthera tigris populations from camera-trap data using capture—recapture models 1992 builds it Capture-Recapture Models 1985 tests it Evaluation of Two Density Estimators of Small Mammal Population Size
▸ method not named in the paper	19	15	29	6	69	1	100%
2024 builds it Performance of unmarked abundance models with data from machine‐learning classification of passive acoustic recordings 2024 tests it Can we count you: validating density estimation methods for unmarked wildlife with camera traps 2024 tests it Cameras or <i>Camus</i>? Comparing Snow Track Surveys and Camera Traps to Estimate Densities of Unmarked Wildlife Populations 2024 tests it Raccoon density estimation from camera traps for raccoon rabies management 2024 uses it Modeling spatiotemporal variations in the density of unmarked populations using camera trap data: An application to free-roaming cats 2023 tests it More than one way to count a cat: estimation of ocelot population density using frameworks for marked and unmarked species 2023 uses it Synergistic use of <scp>UAV</scp> surveys, satellite tracking data, and mark‐recapture to estimate abundance of elusive species 2022 builds it Best practices to account for capture probability and viewable area in camera‐based abundance estimation 2022 builds it cameratrapR: An R package for estimating animal density using camera trapping data 2022 builds it Density estimation of non-independent unmarked animals from camera traps 2022 tests it Estimating the density of small mammals using the selfie trap is an effective camera trapping method 2022 uses it Environmental and anthropogenic drivers of African leopard Panthera pardus population density 2021 tests it Assessing the camera trap methodologies used to estimate density of unmarked populations 2021 tests it Evaluation of camera trap‐based abundance estimators for unmarked populations 2021 tests it Using camera traps to estimate ungulate abundance: a comparison of mark–resight methods 2021 tests it Population density of European wildcats in a pre-alpine area (northeast Italy) and an assessment of estimate robustness 2021 uses it Domestic Cat Abundance and Activity Across a Residential Land Use Gradient 2021 uses it Population monitoring of snow leopards using camera trapping in Naryn State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan, between 2016 and 2019 2021 uses it Population density estimation of meso-mammal carnivores using camera traps without the individual recognition in Maduru Oya National Park, Sri Lanka 2020 builds it Quantifying imperfect camera-trap detection probabilities: implications for density modelling 2020 tests it Camera-trapping for abundance estimation of otters in seasonal rivers: a field evaluation 2020 uses it Fragmentation and low density as major conservation challenges for the southernmost populations of the European wildcat 2020 uses it Margay (Leopardus wiedii) in the southernmost Atlantic Forest: Density and activity patterns under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance 2020 uses it Counting cats for conservation: seasonal estimates of leopard density and drivers of distribution in the Serengeti 2020 reviews it A Review of Wildlife Abundance Estimation Models: Comparison of Models for Correct Application 2019 builds it Sampling design and analytical advances allow for simultaneous density estimation of seven sympatric carnivore species from camera trap data 2019 builds it The influence of movement on the occupancy–density relationship at small spatial scales 2019 builds it Integrating data from different survey types for population monitoring of an endangered species: the case of the Eld’s deer 2019 builds it Cost-benefit analysis of increasing sampling effort in a baited-camera trap survey of an African leopard (Panthera pardus) population 2019 builds it Abundance estimation from multiple data types for group-living animals: An example using dhole (Cuon alpinus) 2019 uses it Restoring apex predators can reduce mesopredator abundances 2019 uses it Assessing precision and requirements of three methods to estimate roe deer density 2018 builds it Integrated modeling to estimate population size and composition of mule deer 2018 uses it Density and distribution of a brown bear (Ursus arctos) population within the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot 2018 reviews it Non‐invasive genetic censusing and monitoring of primate populations 2017 builds it Effects of scale of movement, detection probability, and true population density on common methods of estimating population density 2017 builds it Effects of social organization, trap arrangement and density, sampling scale, and population density on bias in population size estimation using some common mark-recapture estimators 2017 tests it Accessing camera trap survey feasibility for estimating Blastocerus dichotomus (Cetartiodactyla, Cervidae) demographic parameters 2017 uses it Free-ranging domestic cats (Felis catus) on public lands: estimating density, activity, and diet in the Florida Keys 2017 uses it Long term monitoring of jaguars in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, Belize; Implications for camera trap studies of carnivores 2016 uses it Invasive lionfish reduce native fish abundance on a regional scale 2016 uses it Puma density, habitat use and conflict with humans in the Argentine Chaco 2016 uses it Using trail cameras to estimate free‐ranging domestic cat abundance in urban areas 2015 tests it Can camera trapping provide accurate estimates of small mammal ( Myodes rutilus and Peromyscus maniculatus ) density in the boreal forest? 2015 uses it Hide and seek: extended camera-trap session lengths and autumn provide best parameters for estimating lynx densities in mountainous areas 2014 builds it To bait or not to bait: A comparison of camera-trapping methods for estimating leopard Panthera pardus density 2014 tests it Evaluation of three field monitoring-density estimation protocols and their relevance to Komodo dragon conservation 2013 builds it Spatially explicit integrated population models 2013 reviews it Estimating jaguar densities with camera traps: Problems with current designs and recommendations for future studies 2012 uses it The impact of forest logging and fragmentation on carnivore species composition, density and occupancy in Madagascar's rainforests 2012 uses it Population and prey of the Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh 2012 uses it Population density estimation of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris) in Sicily using camera trapping 2011 builds it A Mark–Recapture Technique for Monitoring Feral Swine Populations 2011 uses it Estimation of population density of European pine marten in central Italy using camera trapping 2011 uses it Abundancia de ginetas (Genetta genetta) en un encinar mediterráneo. Estimación mediante trampeo fotográfico 2011 reviews it Camera traps in animal ecology : methods and analyses 2010 uses it The status of the Endangered Persian leopard<i>Panthera pardus saxicolor</i>in Bamu National Park, Iran 2007 uses it Critical condition of the jaguar <i>Panthera onca</i> population in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica 2007 uses it CENSUSING BOBCATS USING REMOTE CAMERAS 2006 builds it Estimating population density from indirect sign: track counts and the Formozov–Malyshev–Pereleshin formula 2006 uses it Effects of human–carnivore conflict on tiger (<i>Panthera tigris</i>) and prey populations in Lao PDR 2005 uses it Ocelot (<i>Felis pardalis</i>) population densities, activity, and ranging behaviour in the dry forests of eastern Bolivia: data from camera trapping 2004 uses it Tigers and their prey: Predicting carnivore densities from prey abundance 2003 tests it Camera trap, line transect census and track surveys: a comparative evaluation 2003 tests it SMALL-MAMMAL DENSITY ESTIMATION: A FIELD COMPARISON OF GRID-BASED VS. WEB-BASED DENSITY ESTIMATORS 2003 reviews it Analysis and Management of Animal Populations 2002 builds it Estimating marten <i>Martes americana</i> population size using hair capture and genetic tagging 1992 builds it Statistical Inference for Capture-Recapture Experiments. 1974 reviews it The Estimation of Animal Abundance and Related Parameters
▸ REM	14	6	10	3	33	0	100% ?
2024 builds it How many sequences should I track when applying the random encounter model to camera trap data? 2024 builds it A random encounter model for wildlife density estimation with vertically oriented camera traps 2024 uses it Applying a Random Encounter Model to Estimate the Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) Density from Camera Traps in the Hindu Raj Mountains, Pakistan 2024 reviews it Most Random-Encounter-Model Density Estimates in Camera-Based Predator–Prey Studies Are Unreliable 2022 builds it Deer Behavior Affects Density Estimates With Camera Traps, but Is Outweighed by Spatial Variability 2022 builds it Population assessment without individual identification using camera-traps: A comparison of four methods 2022 builds it Estimating animal density for a community of species using information obtained only from camera‐traps 2022 tests it Random encounter model is a reliable method for estimating population density of multiple species using camera traps 2022 tests it Using camera traps to estimate density of snowshoe hare (<i>Lepus americanus</i>): a keystone boreal forest herbivore 2022 uses it Wild boar density data generated by camera trapping in nineteen European areas 2022 uses it Density estimations of the Asiatic black bear: application of the random encounter model 2022 reviews it Mammal population density estimation using camera traps based on a random encounter model: theoretical basis and practical recommendations 2021 tests it Testing the precision and sensitivity of density estimates obtained with a camera‐trap method revealed limitations and opportunities 2021 uses it Random encounter model to estimate density of mountain-dwelling ungulate 2020 builds it Statistical Development of Animal Density Estimation Using Random Encounter Modelling 2020 uses it Application of the Random Encounter Model in citizen science projects to monitor animal densities 2019 builds it Improving the random encounter model method to estimate carnivore densities using data generated by conventional camera-trap design 2019 tests it Harmonization of the use of hunting statistics for wild boar density estimation in different study areas 2017 tests it Pictures or pellets? Comparing camera trapping and dung counts as methods for estimating population densities of ungulates 2017 uses it Precision and reliability of indirect population assessments for the Caspian red deer <i>Cervus elaphus maral</i> 2016 builds it A Spatio-Temporally Explicit Random Encounter Model for Large-Scale Population Surveys 2016 tests it Pine marten density in lowland riparian woods: A test of the Random Encounter Model based on genetic data 2016 uses it An invasive‐native mammalian species replacement process captured by camera trap survey random encounter models 2016 uses it Population size, distribution and status of the remote and Critically Endangered Bawean deer <i>Axis kuhlii</i> 2015 builds it A generalised random encounter model for estimating animal density with remote sensor data 2015 uses it Applying a random encounter model to estimate lion density from camera traps in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania 2014 builds it Animal Density and Track Counts: Understanding the Nature of Observations Based on Animal Movements 2014 uses it Density, Abundance and Activity Patterns of the Endangered <i>Tapirus Bairdii</i> in One of its Last Strongholds in Southern Mexico 2013 builds it Clarifying assumptions behind the estimation of animal density from camera trap rates 2013 builds it Monitoring an Endangered savannah ungulate, Grevy's zebra<i>Equus grevyi</i>: choosing a method for estimating population densities 2008 builds it Estimating animal density using camera traps without the need for individual recognition 2007 reviews it Use, misuse and extensions of “ideal gas” models of animal encounter 2002 builds it Assessment of stone crab (Lithodidae) density on the South Georgia slope using baited video cameras
▸ CT-DS	16	5	11	·	32	5	33% ?
2025 tests it Camera traps and deep learning enable efficient large‐scale density estimation of wildlife in temperate forest ecosystems 2025 uses it Using distance sampling with camera traps to estimate densities of ungulates on tropical oceanic islands 2024 builds it Towards an automated protocol for wildlife density estimation using camera‐traps 2024 builds it Efficient data collection for camera trap‐based density estimation: A preliminary assessment 2024 uses it Successful invasion: camera trap distance sampling reveals higher density for invasive raccoon dog compared to native mesopredators 2023 builds it A semi‐automated camera trap distance sampling approach for population density estimation 2023 builds it Modelling density surfaces of intraspecific classes using camera trap distance sampling 2023 builds it Estimating effective survey duration in camera trap distance sampling surveys 2023 builds it Reducing bias in density estimates for unmarked populations that exhibit reactive behaviour towards camera traps 2023 uses it Assessing mammal population densities in response to urbanization using camera trap distance sampling 2023 uses it Estimating mesocarnivore abundance on commercial farmland using distance sampling with camera traps 2022 builds it Automated distance estimation for wildlife camera trapping 2022 builds it Deriving observation distances for camera trap distance sampling 2022 uses it Camera trap distance sampling for terrestrial mammal population monitoring: lessons learnt from a<scp>UK</scp>case study 2021 builds it Estimating animal abundance and effort–precision relationship with camera trap distance sampling 2021 builds it Overcoming the distance estimation bottleneck in estimating animal abundance with camera traps 2021 tests it Estimating density of mountain hares using distance sampling: a comparison of daylight visual surveys, night-time thermal imaging and camera traps 2021 uses it Using distance sampling with camera traps to estimate the density of group-living and solitary mountain ungulates 2021 uses it Estimating forest antelope population densities using distance sampling with camera traps 2020 tests it A field test of unconventional camera trap distance sampling to estimate abundance of marmot populations 2020 uses it Drawn out of the shadows: Surveying secretive forest species with camera trap distance sampling 2020 uses it Accurate population estimation of Caprinae using camera traps and distance sampling 2019 tests it Validating camera trap distance sampling for chimpanzees 2018 builds it Model selection with overdispersed distance sampling data 2017 builds it Distance sampling with camera traps 2017 builds it Estimation of Species Area Abundance from Point Abundance Data, Using Effective Detection Areas from Camera Traps 2017 tests it Quantifying the bias in density estimated from distance sampling and camera trapping of unmarked individuals 2015 uses it Density, occupancy, and activity pattern of two sympatric deer (<i>Mazama</i>) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil 2015 uses it Estimating density of secretive terrestrial birds (Siamese Fireback) in pristine and degraded forest using camera traps and distance sampling 2011 builds it Quantifying the sensitivity of camera traps: an adapted distance sampling approach 2009 builds it Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size 2001 builds it Introduction to Distance Sampling
▸ index-RAI	4	7	10	5	27	1	57% ?
2023 tests it A test of motion‐sensitive cameras to index ungulate densities: group size matters 2023 uses it Evaluating predator control using two non-invasive population metrics: a camera trap activity index and density estimation from scat genotyping 2022 reviews it Codling Moth Monitoring with Camera-Equipped Automated Traps: A Review 2021 tests it eDNA sampled from stream networks correlates with camera trap detection rates of terrestrial mammals 2021 uses it Camera trap placement for evaluating species richness, abundance, and activity 2020 builds it Measuring rat relative abundance using camera traps and digital strike counters for Goodnature A24 self-resetting traps 2020 tests it Assessing the performance of index calibration survey methods to monitor populations of wide‐ranging low‐density carnivores 2020 tests it A comparison of abundance and distribution model outputs using camera traps and sign surveys for feral pigs 2020 uses it Determinants of population persistence and abundance of terrestrial and arboreal vertebrates stranded in tropical forest land‐bridge islands 2019 builds it Camera transects as a method to monitor high temporal and spatial ephemerality of flying nocturnal insects 2019 uses it Camera trapping reveals trends in forest duiker populations in African National Parks 2018 tests it Methods for assessing small-scale variation in the abundance of a generalist mesopredator 2017 tests it Do occupancy or detection rates from camera traps reflect deer density? 2017 uses it Projecting range-wide sun bear population trends using tree cover and camera-trap bycatch data 2017 uses it Quantifying the Availability of Vertebrate Hosts to Ticks: A Camera-Trapping Approach 2013 uses it Influence of camera-trap sampling design on mammal species capture rates and community structures in southeastern Brazil 2013 uses it Assessing the Status of Wild Felids in a Highly-Disturbed Commercial Forest Reserve in Borneo and the Implications for Camera Trap Survey Design 2013 reviews it Risky business or simple solution – Relative abundance indices from camera-trapping 2012 uses it Lowland tapir (<i>Tapirus terrestris</i>) distribution, activity patterns and relative abundance in the Greater Madidi‐Tambopata Landscape 2010 builds it The Wildlife Picture Index: monitoring top trophic levels 2009 tests it Camera trapping photographic rate as an index of density in forest ungulates 2007 reviews it Cameras, Coyotes, and the Assumption of Equal Detectability 2003 uses it Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape 2002 reviews it Large scale wildlife monitoring studies: statistical methods for design and analysis 2002 reviews it The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals: a comment on misleading conclusions 2001 builds it The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals
▸ N-mixture	11	6	1	·	18	0	75% ?
2024 builds it Using camera traps and N‐mixture models to estimate population abundance: Model selection really matters 2024 builds it Monitoring Animal Populations With Cameras Using Open, Multistate, N‐Mixture Models 2024 tests it Comparing direct (live-trapping) and indirect (camera-trapping) approaches for estimating the abundance of weasels (Mustela nivalis) 2023 tests it Camera Trap Methods and Drone Thermal Surveillance Provide Reliable, Comparable Density Estimates of Large, Free-Ranging Ungulates 2023 tests it Simulation-based assessment of the performance of hierarchical abundance estimators for camera trap surveys of unmarked species 2023 tests it Assessing trends in population size of three unmarked species: A comparison of a multi‐species N‐mixture model and random encounter models 2022 builds it Inferring predator–prey interactions from camera traps: A Bayesian co‐abundance modeling approach 2022 builds it Double-observer approach with camera traps can correct imperfect detection and improve the accuracy of density estimation of unmarked animal populations 2022 tests it Comparing N-mixture models and GLMMs for relative abundance estimation in a citizen science dataset 2022 uses it N-mixture model-based estimate of relative abundance of sloth bear (<i>Melursus ursinus</i>) in response to biotic and abiotic factors in a human-dominated landscape of central India 2017 tests it On the Reliability of N-mixture Models for Count Data 2016 builds it Estimating Lion Abundance using N-mixture Models for Social Species 2015 builds it Estimating abundance of unmarked animal populations: accounting for imperfect detection and other sources of zero inflation 2015 builds it A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Estimation of Abundance and Spatial Density of Aedes aegypti 2011 builds it <b>unmarked</b>: An<i>R</i>Package for Fitting Hierarchical Models of Wildlife Occurrence and Abundance 2009 builds it Hierarchical modelling and estimation of abundance and population trends in metapopulation designs 2004 builds it <i>N</i>‐Mixture Models for Estimating Population Size from Spatially Replicated Counts 2003 builds it ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE FROM REPEATED PRESENCE–ABSENCE DATA OR POINT COUNTS
▸ REST	7	2	4	·	13	0	100% ?
2026 builds it Reducing data processing effort in camera trap density estimation: Extending the <scp>REST</scp> model by explicitly modelling animal detection processes 2026 builds it A continuous‐time random encounter and staying time ( <scp>REST</scp> ) model: Moving beyond temporal aggregation in camera‐trap density estimation 2025 builds it Accounting for Viewshed Area and Animal Availability When Estimating Density and Recruitment of Unmarked White‐Tailed Deer 2025 tests it Camera trapping for density estimation: comparing the TIFC model to aerial surveys for multiple ungulate populations 2025 uses it Monitoring and habitat inferences change with population metric: a case study with mesocarnivores 2024 uses it Density and abundance estimation of unmarked ungulates using camera traps in the Mudumu National Park, Namibia 2022 builds it Applying and testing a novel method to estimate animal density from motion‐triggered cameras 2022 builds it State‐space model combining local camera data and regional administration data reveals population dynamics of wild boar 2022 uses it Predicting bushmeat biomass from species composition captured by camera traps: Implications for locally based wildlife monitoring 2020 builds it Simultaneous estimation of seasonal population density, habitat preference and catchability of wild boars based on camera data and harvest records 2020 tests it Random Encounter and Staying Time Model Testing with Human Volunteers 2020 uses it Landscape-scale estimation of forest ungulate density and biomass using camera traps: Applying the REST model 2017 builds it Estimating animal density without individual recognition using information derivable exclusively from camera traps
▸ spatial-count	6	3	1	·	10	0	100% ?
2024 builds it Animal Density Estimation for Large Unmarked Populations Using a Spatially Explicit Model 2023 builds it An Enhanced Spatial Capture Model for Population Analysis Using Unidentified Counts through Camera Encounters 2023 tests it Density estimates of unmarked mammals: comparing two models and assumptions across multiple species and years 2022 tests it A cautionary tale comparing spatial count and partial identity models for estimating densities of threatened and unmarked populations 2020 builds it Density Estimation of Unmarked Populations Using Camera Traps in Heterogeneous Space 2018 tests it Estimating density for species conservation: Comparing camera trap spatial count models to genetic spatial capture-recapture models 2017 uses it Estimating population size of fishers (<i>Pekania pennanti</i>) using camera stations and auxiliary data on home range size 2016 builds it Trace-Contrast Models for Capture–Recapture Without Capture Histories 2015 builds it Estimating population density from presence–absence data using a spatially explicit model 2013 builds it Spatially explicit models for inference about density in unmarked or partially marked populations
▸ TTE	5	2	·	·	7	0	100% ?
2023 builds it Estimating animal density using the <scp>Space‐to‐Event</scp> model and bootstrap resampling with motion‐triggered camera‐trap data 2022 tests it Methodological approaches for estimating populations of the endangered dhole <i>Cuon alpinus</i> 2021 builds it spaceNtime: an R package for estimating abundance of unmarked animals using camera-trap photographs 2021 tests it Assessing the robustness of time‐to‐event models for estimating unmarked wildlife abundance using remote cameras 2018 builds it Three novel methods to estimate abundance of unmarked animals using remote cameras 2013 builds it Using time‐to‐event analysis to complement hierarchical methods when assessing determinants of photographic detectability during camera trapping 2007 builds it How to estimate scavenger fish abundance using baited camera data

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